2/18/2013

Feb 18 13 A Talking Point


In the early 50's after quelling the multi-color insurgencies the then AFPFL Government under Premier U Nu initiated an Economic Plan for Burma known as Pyidawthar Economic Plan.

On the National Day in November in the late 40’s the then Thakin Nu gave a speech expressing the real wealth of the Union: “We must show ourselves equal to the rich natural resources of our country.

For our masses to come up to standards of living befitting the natural wealth of our country we must all work to the limit from this day and hour.  If we all resolve to do so, with one mind, I shall predict that within five years at the longest, this country of Burma, bountifully provided by nature --- will see once again such a golden age as Pagan, in the days when Shin Izza Gawna was exercising the magic of his alchemy”.

That was what Thakin Nu envisaged and he had been working “Towards a Welfare State”.  His government was strong enough to emulate an economic model and plan ahead for the betterment of the masses. 

From August 4 to 17 of 1952, the AFPFL government initiated a Conference in Rangoon, which was known as “Pyidawtha Conference” with specific application as “Local Self-help” or “Community Cooperation”. The Conference agenda was as follows: August 4: Prime Minister’s opening speech “Towards a Welfare State”; August 7: Minister Bo Min Gaung – “Plan for the Devolution of Powers”; August 8: Minister U Ba Swe – “Democratization of Local Administration”; August 9: Minister Bo Khin Maung Gale – “Agricultural and Rural Development Five-Year Plan”; August 11: Minister U Kyaw Myint – “Target for Economic Development”; August 12 Minister Thakin Tin – “Land Nationalization Plan”; August 13: Minister U Ba Saw – “Development Plan for the Underdeveloped Areas”; August 14: Minister M. A. Raschid – “Housing Plan”; August 15:  Minister Mahn Win Maung – “Transport and Communications”; August 16: Minister U Than Aung – “Education Plan”; August 17: Minister U Khin Maung Latt – “Medical and Public Health Plans”. 

Premier U Nu's “Towards a Welfare State” marathon speech lasted four and one half-hour in which he expressed strongly that he looked forward to the “time when every family in Burma would possess a house, a car, and an income of Kyats 800 per month” and he stressed “your country is rich enough to provide these amenities”.

Premier U Nu following the example of the Government of Iran in employing foreign firm to compile a report on economic resources, instructed Secretary for the National Planning U Hla Muang to find a suitable firm for the similar task for Burma. U Hla Maung recruited Knappen-Tippetts-Abbett Engineering Company [KTA], which enlisted Pierce Management [mining specialists] and Robert R. Nathan Associates [RRNA] [a group of economists].

Robert Nathan had been a “lieutenant” in the 1930’s of President Roosevelt in the New Deal Program and was dubbed as a “Brain Child of Roosevelt”. KTA was first funded by the US and had arrived in Rangoon in 1951. The Government of the Union of Burma notified the US Government that the aid program “would be brought to an end on June 30, 1953”. The Burmese Government footed the bill and kept the KTA until they completed their studies.

Robert R. Nathan Associates and the Minister of National Planning and the staff of the ministry hit off well.  RRNA with its Resident Head, Mr. Lou J. Walinsky along with Professor Hagan was employed as economic advisers to the Ministry of the National Planning. Lou Walinsky was later appointed as the Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister.

One day after appointment Premier Nu asked how old was Walinsky. According to Lou Walinsky, “U Nu showed disappointment on his face after he learned that I was one year younger than him. I can understand an Asian way of thinking that someone whom a person seeks advice from should at least be older than the person who seeks advice”. To more disappointment, Premier Nu found that Bob Nathan was two years younger than he was.

The Government of the Union of Burma made a few structural changes in order to meet with the new challenges in implementing their “scheme”. The Agriculture and Rural Development Corporation [ARDC] under the Chairmanship of U Nu, the Industrial Development Corporation [IDC] under the Chairmanship of U Kyaw Nyein and the Mineral Resources Development Corporation [MRDC] under the Chairmanship of U Tin were established.  In the Parliament, the Minister for Industry and Mines U Kyaw Myint announced: “these corporations will be set up on business principles and will operate on business lines – they shall be free from departmental rules and restrictions which are now an effective barrier to carry out any work of development”.

On the other front, the Social Planning Commission under the Chairwomanship of Madam Aung San Khin Kyi, the widow of Bogyoke Aung San to co-operate with the mission from the United Nations Technical Assistance Administration led by Dr. J. F. Bulsara of India.            

Once severely criticized with no understanding what were studied and planned to implement, even by Cartoonists ridiculed, Pyidawthar Plan seems rebound. At the time Pyidawthar Plan was introduced, Burma, a newly emergence young country experienced a very strong American Tornado severely. Burma filed a complained against American stooge KMT at the United Nations [UN] that had intruded Burma after Chinese Communists routed them. In retribution U.S. Government under President Eisenhower exercising PL 480 [Public Law 480] distributed rice free of charge to the countries that were importing rice from Burma. Thus, Pyidawthar Plan was nipped in the bud. As President Kennedy once said: Nothing succeed like success but failure is an orphan.


U Aung
2/18/2013 11:10:11 AM

 အမ်ိဳးသားလႊတ္ေတာ္ ဥကၠဌ ဦးေအာင္ခင္ျမင့္ရဲ႕ အျမင္မွာ (တနည္းအားျဖင္ န၀တ-နအဖ-စစ္အစိုးရ ခုအစိုးရရဲ႕ အျမင္လို႕လဲ ဆိုပါစို႕) ျပည္ေတာ္သာစီမံကိန္းဟာ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးကို အေျခခံပီး လုပ္တဲ႕အတြက္ မေအာင္ျမင္ဘူးျဖစ္သြားတာလို႕ ယံုၾကည္ၾကတာ ျမင္ရပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာ့ဆန္ တင္ပို႕မႈဟာ အဲဒီကာလကအေျခအေနမွာ ကမၻာ့ ဆန္တင္ပို႔မႈ အမ်ားဆံုးႏိုင္ငံ ျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္ဆိုတာ အဲဒီကာလမတိုင္ခင္ကပင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဟာ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးႏိုင္ငံ တႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္ဆိုတာ လူႀကီးမင္းဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေျပာင္းမ်ား နားမလည္ရွာဘဲကိုး။
၁၉၅၀-၆၀အတြင္းက စပါးစိုက္ဧက ေထာင္ေပါင္း တစ္ေသာင္း သံုးရာေက်ာ္မွာ ဆန္တန္ခ်ိန္ ေထာင္ေပါင္း ငါးေထာင္ႏွစ္ရာနီးပါး ထြက္သည္။ ၁၉၅၉-၆ဝ ျပည့္ႏွစ္၌ လယ္ယာထြက္ကုန္ တန္ဖိုးက်ပ္ ၁ ၁၅ဝ ဝဝဝ ဝဝဝ အထိ ရရန္ ခ်မွတ္ထားေသာ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ားလည္း ပါရွိေပသည္။ ဒီစီမံကိန္းအရ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႔ လယ္ယာက႑ကို မပစ္ပယ္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေပမယ့္ သီးႏွံတခုတည္းကို အားကိုးေနရ တာမ်ဳိး မဟုတ္ဘဲ စက္မႈဖြံ႔òဖိး ထြန္းကားေရးကိုလည္း လုပ္မယ္။ မွ်တေအာင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္မယ္ ဆိုပါတယ္။

(အဲဒီကာလကလို႕ ေျပာရတာက ခုကာလမ်ားမွာေတာ့ လယ္ေတြလဲ စစ္တပ္ကသိမ္း ခရိုနီေတြကအေျခာင္ႏိႈက္ လယ္လုပ္မဲ့လယ္သမားေတြလဲ ကမၻာအရပ္ရပ္ကို လြင့္ပါးလို႕ လယ္လဲပ်က္ လယ္သမားလူတန္းစားပါေပ်ာက္လုဆဲ ကာလမို႕ပါ။ ) အမွန္တကယ္ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေသာႏိုင္ငံ ျဖစ္လိုလွ်င္ စက္မႈႏိုင္ငံ ထူေထာင္ရမည္ဟု ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး သန္းေရႊက မိန္႕ခြန္း ေျပာဖူးသည္။ စက္မႈႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္ဖို႕ စက္ရံုလာေဆာက္ရံုနဲ႕ ၿပီးသြားပီထင္တဲ့ ေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ေၾကာင့္
ျမန္မာ့စြပ္ၾကယ္စက္က ထုတ္တဲ့ ျခင္ေထာင္၀တ္ခဲ့ရတာ က်ေနာ္တို႕သက္တန္း ၅၀တန္းေတြ လက္ေတြ႕ေပါ့။

ျပည္ေတာ္သာ စီမံကိန္းတြင္ စက္မႈစီမံကိန္း လမ္းတံတားစီမံကိန္း ဘက္စံုပါသည္။ (ဘိတ္က ျပည္ေတာ္သာဆိပ္ေက်ာက္တံတားစသည္)
၁၉၅၂ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ျပည္ေတာ္သာ စီမံကိန္း အျဖစ္ ေရအားလွ်ပ္စစ္ထုတ္ယူရန္ ႀကဳိးစားခဲ့ၾကေသာ္လည္း ျပည္တြင္း စစ္ေၾကာင့္ လုံၿခဳံေရး အေျခအေနအရ ျဖစ္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္မႈမရွိဘဲ ရပ္ဆုိင္း သြားခဲ့ရသည္။
ယခုစစ္အစိုးရ ၾကံစီေနေသာ နယ္ျခားေစာင့္တပ္ဆိုတာာမ်ိဳးလဲ စီမံကိန္းထဲမွာပါသည္။ တပ္မွအနားယူလာေသာစစ္သားေဟာင္းမိသားစုမ်ား အလုပ္အကို ေနရာအိမ္ေျခစီစဥ္ေပးသည့္အေနႏွင့္ နယ္စပ္တေလ်ာက္ ရြာတည္ ေဒသထြက္ကုန္ထုတ္လုပ္ငန္းႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံစည္းရိုးတေလ်ာက္ ကာကြယ္ပီးသား စီမံကိန္းမ်ိဳး ပါ၀င္သည္။
က်ေနာ့အျမင္ ျပည္ေတာ္သာ စီမံကိန္း မေအာင္ျမင္ရျခင္း အေၾကာင္းရင္းတရပ္မွာ အာဏာရ အဖြဲ႔အစည္း အတြင္း ႏို္င္ငံေရး ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚလာၿပီးေနာက္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး အမႈထမ္း၊ အရာထမ္းမ်ား အတြင္း အက်င့္စာရိတၱ ပ်က္ျပားမႈ၊ လာဘ္စားမႈမ်ားေၾကာင့္ဟု ယူဆသည္။
ျခသတင္းႀကီးလွသျဖင့္ ဦးႏုက (ဘီအက္က္စ္အိုင္) စံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးေရးဦးစီးဌာနဖြဲ႕ေစပီး စံုစမ္းေစရာ ၆လအတြင္း (၁၉၅၃ ခုႏွစ္ မတ္လ ၁၆ ရက္မွ ၾသဂုတ္လ ၆ ရက္အထိ) စ သံုးးလုံး စာရင္းအရ အမႈၾကီးေပါင္း ၁၁၆ မႈႏွင့္ ပါဝင္သည့္ အမႈထမ္းေပါင္း ၂၂၅ ဦး - ယိုဖိတ္မႈ တန္ဖိုး ေငြေပါင္း ၄၁၆ ၂၄၉ ဝ၇၃ က်ပ္ဟု လာဘ္စားမႈမ်ားကို
ေၾကာက္ခမန္းလိလိ ေတြ႕ရသည္။

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2/15/2013

“၇၅ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ စိန္ရတု နဂါးနီ”




ျမန္္မာ့လြတ္္လပ္ေရးအေၾကာင္း ေျပာမယ္ဆိုရင္ နဂါးနီိစာအုပ္အသင္္း နဂါးနီိစာေစာင္ နဂါးနီိသီျခင္းးတို႕သည္  ကုိလုိနီ ေခတ္အတြင္းက အမ်ဳိးသား လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈႏွင့္ ဆက္စပ္ၿပီး ေပၚေပါက္ခဲ့သည့္ အမွတ္အသားမ်ား ျဖစ္္သည္္။ “နဂါးနီ”ေၾကာင့္ အမ်ဳိးသားေရး လကၡဏာသည္ ပုိ၍ ေပၚလြင္ ထင္ရွား ေစခဲ့သည္။ အမ်ဳိးသားေရး စိတ္ဓါတ္ကို ပ်ိဳးေထာင္ေပးခဲ့သည္။ ထုိစိတ္ဓာတ္ကပင္ အမ်ဳိးသား လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈကုိ လြတ္လပ္ေရး ရသည္အထိ ဦးေဆာင္ သြားခဲ့သည္ဟုဆိုႏိုင္ပါသည္။




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၁၉၃၇ မွာ ဦးႏု သခင္သန္းထြန္း စသူတို႕ စုေပါင္း ထူေထာာင္ခဲ့ေသာ နဂါးနီိ  စာအုပ္အသင္္း Nagani (Red Dragon) Book Club ထုတ္ နဂါးနီိ  စာေေစာင္မ်ားး။
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2/13/2013



ေစာထ ေဖါင္ေဒးရွင္း ရံပံုေငြ ေတးဆီးရီးစ္ ထုတ္ခဲ့ျခင္း (၃)ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ သို႕မဟုတ္ ကိုေမာင္ေမာင္စိုးသို႕ သတိရျခင္း


အခ်ိန္လြန္ကာႏႈတ္ဆက္ၿပီးမွ ျပည္ဖံုးကားလိုက္ကာၾကားက ေခါင္းျပဴပီး သီခ်င္းလာဆိုတဲ့ ”ၿငိမ္းေစ“  ထာ၀ရျပည္ဖံုးကားကို ၂၀၁၁ ဒီဇင္ဘာလမွာ တကယ္ခ်သြားေပမဲ့

အခ်ိန္လြန္ကာႏႈတ္ဆက္ၿပီးမွ လိုက္ကာမက် မီးမၿငိမ္း ဆိုင္းမရပ္လို႕ အညြန္းမဲ့ဇတ္ကို အတိုင္းမဲ့ကျဖစ္ေနတဲ့ “ကမၻာမေၾက” အရွိန္လြန္ကာဆက္ေလွ်ာက္ေနဆဲပါ။


 


http://kabarmakyay.blogspot.com/2010/01/blog-post.html